-OJ wrote:space exploration (which is ridiculously ♥♥♥♥ expensive and does not really directly benefit society in any way)
Hey no you take that back right now

It's ridiculously ♥♥♥♥ expensive because we've neglected it for the last what... 40 years? "Yup we made it to the moon, time to go make a ♥♥♥♥ of nukes instead. Good work everyone." Like... yeah, space is hard. But it's not bottom of the ocean hard. It's obviously easy enough that there is a metric ton of private companies like SpaceX and individual hobbyists getting into it around the world, with the goal of making a substantial profit (through recreational flights, research purposes, or even transportation). These are the dominating names in aerospace right now, not so much NASA.
To actually answer the question though, it's said that music is a universal language. I think this is true enough- every human society has music in some form. The problem is that it's not nearly universal enough. African drums probably sound strange to many Americans... something is lost in translation. Maths and sciences are an entirely different story. The laws of the universe can be dissected and formed into algebraic statements, and unlike music (which has obviously evolved differently based on culture), universal laws are constant, repeatable, and infinitely discoverable.
Given enough time, every culture could eventually discover that a molecule of water is made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, or that a projectile fired horizontally from height X hits the ground at the same time as a similar projectile just dropped from height X, or that some traits are more dominant than others but we can also influence this through selective breeding. There may be different names for the concepts, and it may not be possible to get something right the first time around (model of an atom, anyone?) but we will eventually find an objective fact that can't be disputed.
This universal method of communication is enough of a reason to invest in scientific research, as it would mark the first steps toward an ideal world where human differences like birthplace or culture are embraced instead of feared. I don't think there is such a thing as "theoretical scientific research that doesn't actually affect the general population"- science is too interconnected, and one topic will inevitably lead to another that is or will become relevant to the general population.
With this in mind I absolutely support spending money to research for the sake of it. There is never a downside to possessing knowledge, but there is potential for a lot of benefit if it's used correctly. I think it would be in our global interest to fund scientific research, make such research freely available, and also actively seek out similar organizations with the same goals for collaboration. This would establish a framework for our future, benefit those who are lagging behind in science and technology, and generally make advancement easier.
May have a thing about the previous topic too, been meaning to but it's more difficult than it looks.